http://dspace.epoka.edu.al/handle/1/1661 2026-04-15T19:34:56Z http://dspace.epoka.edu.al/handle/1/2492 The Evaluation of the Morfodynamics Boundary Condition, Soil Investigation and Loads Assessments for the Realization of Improved Quay Walls Structure in Durres Port Bedini, Alket Ports, like any other industry, is facing the need to respond to the challenge of globalization which, in the port maritime sector, is mainly manifested in the growing of ships dimensions the so-called “Naval gigantism”. In order not to be excluded from the maritime traffic market, ports must handle large volumes of traffic with an incresed efficiency, in order to reach international markets through multimodal corridors. The direct surveys done on site were integrated and elaborated together with existing available data. A series of numerical mathematical simulation models were executed in order to fully understanding of the geological, bearing capacity, navigation and meteorological aspects that are interested in the project. These mathematical simulation models led to what is the final design for the new improved quays detailed design. Being the structure closer to the entrance, quays are exposed to long waves from the South, which the driving factor for excessive horizontal motions for ships moored in harbor basins exposed to swell. Long waves are the driving factor for excessive horizontal motions for ships moored in harbour basins or coastal waters exposed to swell. This work shows how the efficiency of a port exposed to swell waves can be improved by adapting on pile structures. After review of the existing documentation, site visits and discussions with stakeholders, three options for dealing with the quays were identified. The first option is the “business as usual” scenario, in which no additional work is carried out and only iv regular maintenance of the infrastructure and equipment takes place. The second option consists in a rehabilitation of the existing quay wall, construction of two arrays of concrete piles supporting two concrete beams to serve as foundations for the crane rails, demolition of the existing deck and construction of a new concrete deck and apron, and deepening of the sea level. The third option consists of the construction of a retaining wall at the existing quay line and of a new deck supported by an array of drilled piles, bringing the new quay line farword. The process the slope stability analyses were carried out for the settlement analysis and liquefaction for the sheet pile construction with material of properties similar to the backfill material. The overall stability checks carried out the temporary slip fill and for the retaining structure and the pile depth. Incremental revenues are calculated on the basis of incremental product, expressed in tons of general cargo estimated to be handled annually Under option three, maximum annual production is calculated at approximately 1,800,000 tn. overcomes its inferior financial and economic performance compared to the other proposed options (investment costs 70% higher for similar financial and economic benefits) thanks to, inter alia, its ability to handle larger vessels. 2022-02-17T00:00:00Z http://dspace.epoka.edu.al/handle/1/2491 “Review of structural irregularities on Albanian RC buildings with a case study Kokoshi, Besjana Almost, all Albanian buildings are composed of masonry and reinforced concrete, and just a few of them, like industrial buildings are composed of steel. Unfortunately, the quality of building stock in this country is low in performance and not properly designed according to building codes. Considering that Albanian building code has not been updated since 1989, and many of these buildings are constructed without any structural engineering plan, there is a large presence of structural irregularities. It is of great importance to focus on structural irregularities due to the hazards they cause. Irregularities vary from the less hazard one, those of damaging structural elements, till to those of causing total collapse of buildings. As Albania is an area prone to high seismic hazard with different magnitudes, it is a must to be aware and take actions while talking about structure irregularities. Therefore, a typical residential R-C frame- building, 6 story height, was taken in evaluation through this study. This kind of building is mostly representative of latest - 90 buildings typology due to their same construction method, period and quality. The structural design model consists of irregularities such as: soft story because of difference in height and soft story due to non-presence of masonry partition walls for open space commercial purposes, poor reinforcement details, structural additions represented as heavy overhangs, semi infilled frames and short column effects. The seismic performance assessment will be displayed by analytical method consisting of iv pushover analysis, which is an easy way to explain the non-linear response of building. The results provided by pushover demand, capacity spectrum and plastic hinges formation give us a real understanding of structural behaviour. What observed from analysis shows that every structural irregularity in RC building, affect the structure by decreasing its performance level considering bearing stiffness and deformation capacity. When comparing the presence of irregularities some of the such as combination of soft story with height difference – absence of infill walls – short column due to semi infilled frames, - and overhangs, results in serios damages leading to total loss of stiffness in structure. 2019-06-21T00:00:00Z http://dspace.epoka.edu.al/handle/1/2490 Nonlinear static and linear dynamic analyses of RC buildings - Comparison of various modelling approaches Vogli, Arsela In the past years buildings designed in Albania suffered from lack of seismic resistance and this is shown by the number of destroyed buildings due to effects of earthquakes. Thus, evaluating the seismic performance of the buildings, is an urgent matter as part of the steps in handling the impact of earthquakes. The present thesis is concerned with methods of nonlinear static and linear dynamic analysis of structures,particularly for application to geometrically nonlinear space frames. Non-linear static analysis, such as pushover-based ones, have been continuously refined and improved along the past few years as a complement or even as an alternative to dynamic time-history analysis. It, has become a popular practice for performance-based building seismic design and many Codes have adopted this method in Seismic Retrofitting to evaluate structure seismic capacity. This is mostly due to its ability to identify design limit states of structure piers and failure modes and also ensure the progressive collapse sequence of damaged structures subjected to major earthquakes. This analysis includes certain simplifications and approximations that some amount of variation is always expected to exist in seismic demand prediction of pushover analysis. In this thesis modal pushover analysis were performed since modal deformed shape is closer to the real deformed shape during a real earthquake. Different modelling approaches were used and discussed such as lumped-plasticity approach wuth plastic hinge and fiber element approach. Every approach has its approximations and an evaluation of their accurancy of the results has been made which is related to the approximations involved in the theory of the procedures, structural properties and ground motion characteristics. Differnet models of the building were studied and evaluated in terms of earthquake resistance, redunancy, ductility etc. Analysis results show that plastic hinges model shows a greater plasticity,although it is a design method widely used in Albania due to its lower economic cost compared to the fiber elemet model. 2020-06-26T00:00:00Z http://dspace.epoka.edu.al/handle/1/2489 Seismic Performance Assessment of a Typical Masonry Buildings from Albanian Practice Myzyri, Xhesila The main objective of this work is to evaluate seismic capacity of a typical existing low-story masonry building located in Albania. In the last decades, Albanian big cities especially Tirana has seen a rise in the population. Due to that increase of the urban regeneration a better knowledge about the existing buildings stock is required. In order to guarantee safety, functionality and the maintenance of cultural properties finding adequate analysis for the seismic evaluation and retrofitting is very important. For this reason one residential building with template design and material properties based on Albanian Civil Engineering Archive were selected to represent an earlier construction type during the communism period (1945-1990). For the numerical analysis procedure is used SAP 2000 software. Via this finite element analysis programme a detailed architectural and structural characterization of the building is performed. The case study structure is modeled by using the macromodelling approach. While doing the building analysis it is assumed that there is no damage over the time. The three storey case study building is modeled to study the global seismic behaviour of the structure using non-linear static (pushover) analyses. Non-linear static (pushover) analyses is performed to define the capacity of the structures. The capacity curves for the case study building showed that building do not satisfy the required performance levels. Due to insufficient performance of this building it comes the need to retrofit it. A complete discussion of the results is included. In the end, conclusions and future research needs are outlined. 2020-01-28T00:00:00Z