http://dspace.epoka.edu.al/handle/1/1625 Tue, 14 Apr 2026 15:30:06 GMT 2026-04-14T15:30:06Z http://dspace.epoka.edu.al/handle/1/1636 Audience Perception of Hate Speech and Foul Language in the Social Media in Nigeria: Implications for Morality and Law Alakali, Terfa T.; Faga, Hemen Philip; Mbursa, Jinatu This paper examined the phenomenon of hate speech and foul language on social media platforms in Nigeria, and assessed their moral and legal consequences in the society and to journalism practice. It used both quantitative and qualitative methodology to investigate the phenomenon. In the first place, the paper employed the survey research methodology to sample 384 respondents using questionnaire and focus group discussion as instruments for data collection. Findings from the research indicate that promoting hate speech and foul language on social media have moral and legal consequences in the society and to journalism practice. Findings also show that although, the respondents understand that hate speech and foul language attract legal consequences, they do not know what obligations are created by law against perpetrators of hate speech and foul language in Nigeria. The paper therefore, adopted the qualitative, doctrinal and analytical methodology to discuss the legal consequences and obligations created against perpetrators of hate speech and foul language in Nigeria. The paper concluded based on the findings that hate speech and foul language is prevalent on social media platforms in Nigeria and that there are adequate legal provisions to curb the phenomenon in Nigeria. It recommends among others things that the Nigerian government and NGOs should sponsor monitoring projects like the UMATI in Kenya to better understand the use of hate speech and that monitoring agencies set up under the legal regime should adopt mechanisms to identify and remove hate speech content on social media platforms in Nigeria. Mon, 02 Jan 2017 00:00:00 GMT http://dspace.epoka.edu.al/handle/1/1636 2017-01-02T00:00:00Z http://dspace.epoka.edu.al/handle/1/1635 The External Dimension of EU Migration Policy Gjipali, Dorina The policies relating to the management of migration - control of external borders, asylum and immigration have been, as is well known, sovereign prerogatives for excellence. The long-standing refuse of the EU Member States to provide them to a supranational government is a clear evidence of that. Determined to retain the exclusive control over the migrants, States have continued, to handle the situation. This paper aims to reconstruct the foundations of the external dimension of EU migration policy, in order to highlight its complexity, resulting from the global scope of the problem and by its sensitive nature. If the global reach of migration invites the adoption of a coherent strategy that, gives substantial and structural interdependence between internal and external dimensions, allows to strengthen the Union’s credibility on the international stage, the sensitive nature of migration policy confirms ‘the opportunity to implement flexible solutions suitable to shape the criterion of added value. Defining the conditions of consistency and flexibility to which the Union’s external action can bring the management of migration - a management which will pursue all objectives of the EU’s migration policy in accordance with the its principles, such as solidarity and the protection of fundamental rights - is the focus of this paper. Mon, 02 Jan 2017 00:00:00 GMT http://dspace.epoka.edu.al/handle/1/1635 2017-01-02T00:00:00Z http://dspace.epoka.edu.al/handle/1/1634 Open Assessment of Proofs in Litigation Zekolli, Kaltrina The key of existence and success in all domains of life to the entity of justice is the thorough compliance to the truth and justice. Therefore when a certain right is violated, liable or challenged entrusted to solve that, are the institutions of justice, rather the courts. Courts are competent to find the right path towards the truth applying different methods with intention to satisfy the justice. In this paper special attention we dedicated to the method of open assessment of proofs in litigation, that in fact is the subject of this research. Mon, 02 Jan 2017 00:00:00 GMT http://dspace.epoka.edu.al/handle/1/1634 2017-01-02T00:00:00Z http://dspace.epoka.edu.al/handle/1/1633 Outside home. Notes on reflexivity Clemente, Mara There is a wide spectrum of ways in managing subjectivity intrinsic in research. This paper goes through and “lives” (Gregorio Gil, 2014) some research experiences: one on prostitution of minors and another on trafficking in human beings. These two experiences reveal how some of the characteristics of my subjectivity – among which that of being a “young female foreigner and outsider” in academia and in fieldwork – and of my own researches, have impacted that reflexivity practice alongside access to related fields, types of relationships and shared information. The paper proffers the idea in which a “reflexive process” on subjectivity can involve and/or hopefully involve the entire experience of the researcher, going beyond the borders of a single research. In the process, unexpected elements of subjectivity can come into play; in other cases the meaning attributed to them can change in time or can have a role different from what had been expected. Some elements, objects of epistemological analyses, as imposed by a reflexive approach, can become objects of attention also on the phenomenological level. Mon, 02 Jan 2017 00:00:00 GMT http://dspace.epoka.edu.al/handle/1/1633 2017-01-02T00:00:00Z