CHANGE ORDER CAUSES, EFFECTS, CONTROLS AND THEIR IMPACT ON PROJECT COST IN ALBANIAN INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS

Abstract

Change orders are part of construction industry as they are part of life. Change orders are defined as changes that are done to the projects in different phase of construction as a result of different factors such as design changes, unepredicted issues and other factors, causing different effects to the project like changes in cost, completion schedule and other effects. The change orders causes, effects, controls and their impact on project cost for the Albania infrastructure projects is the subject of this thesis. The scope and objectives of this thesis are to carry out the causes, effects, controls and their impact on project cost for the Albanian infrastructure project found in different regions of Albania. The objectives will be carried out using a survey questionnaire distributed to professionals and using real case studies which were part of the execution of change orders. The survey questionnaire results were analyzed using the Relative Importance Index II method and the case studies using simple probability and statistics formulas and concepts. As a result was found out that the main cause of the change order is siginificant changes in the quantities of work, the main effect was found to be increase in the cost of the project and the main control that must be taken in consideration was found to be use of work breakdown structure. Based on the impact on project cost was found out that the change order totally affect the cost of the Albanian infrastructure project by 1.11% and the cost was miany impacted by substitution of materials or procedures cause.