Theoretical study on the influence of openings and openings shapes in load - bearing masonry walls on structural integrity

Abstract

Masonry constructions are the most common type for low to medium buildings in all Albania during mid-20th century. The performance of these constructions is primarily influenced by the inelastic phase and is very sensitive to a seismic risk. Additionally, a significant number of these structures have undergone structural modifications, such as the addition of apertures for doors or windows. These openings occur at various intervals and may be categorized as either formal, informal, or even spontaneous. The selection of the calculation model is crucial to provide the greatest degree of precision and accuracy in the study. The research used the finite element modeling, a computer model including macro-elements using MasterSeries Software, as described in the literature. This technique is quite popular in this sector because to its ability to provide results that closely resemble reality. It also allows for the modeling of nonlinear behavior of brickwork and is feasible for computer simulations. This approach will be implemented on a two-story structure that follows a widely used architectural style in Albania. The study will focus on the example of structural intervention, examining and comparing the performance of both the before and existing state of building.