Construction Materials In Historical And Monumental Buildings - Gjirokaster

Abstract

In 2005, Gjirokastra was declared a UNESCO protected site. These give priority to the protection to the town from a general urban point of view. But, upon closer inspection, onecan see that the architecture of this city holds other values, as well.One of these values is the use of materials, which reflects the mature, rational and careful decisions made by the master-builders of Gjirokastra.The city has inherited a considerable number of buildings. A part of them requires immediate conservation, restoration and revitalization. Knowledge of the construction techniques and the materials used in the original construction will make these interventions more accurate and sustainable.Our work over the past 3 years has consisted in collecting data, documentation and evaluation of several first and second category monuments in Gjirokastra. During these experiences, ween countered various architectural, technical and historical aspects which could be problematic for restoration. The solution to these always required deep knowledge of original building materials and construction techniques. All of this data and experience serve as the basis forour presentation.Gjirokastra is known as the ''City of Stone,'' but despite one's first impressions, the buildings also make skilful use of wood and iron. Particularly in the case of wood, it is extremely important to understand the types of wood used and the reason why they are used. Amismatched reconstruction could jeopardize not only the character of a historic house but its structural integrity, as well.In this way, we can understand not only how to restore, but also how to conserve and how to maintain these monuments, based on sustainable and scientific data. In the end, this leads to a better appreciation of these monuments and will allow future generations to enjoy them.