NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, ANTHROPOGENE ACTIVITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN THE COMMUNE OF BALDUSHK

Abstract

Since ancient times and till today the human being has used the natural resources in his territory to fulfill the need to grow. He has not always been careful and friendly to the natural environment leading to problems for the environment and for the people themselves. This can be seen in the commune of Baldushk. Some environmental problems are disturbing for the natural landscape and for the quality of people’s lives as well. As such we can mention: degradation and erosion of the land; old and new land sliding; obvious maltreatment of natural vegetation and wildlife. These have been inherited problems but they have become more disturbing in the recent 25 years, because the movement of population from hilly villages is accompanied with erosion and land sliding of agriculture land. The increase of different buildings, including the dwellings which are obviously increased in the valley of Zhullima has created problems in the occupation of the land without any criteria and because of the humidity and fog even the inhabitants health does not have a of of quality anymore. The pollution from urban waste is obviously increased and they have multiplied the amount if we compare them to those of some years ago. The sewerage and solid waste as well have polluted the surface and underground waters, even though there is no real measurement. The bottoms of the streams are filled with plastic waste etc. The erosion of the riversides in the river of Zhullima is increased and the land is damaged. In fact in the recent ten years there is a small renovation of protection measures with stone barriers etc. The biggest problem in the territory of the commune is erosion and land sliding because of the prominence of clay and alveoli mountains ones and the misuse of natural vegetation. These were increased during the creation of new land such as for example in Isrose, Shpat, Tevarej, but even after the year 1990 when the population is involved in an obvious rural movement (exodus). The erosion and land sliding are directly accompanied with the loss of agriculture land, but together with the pollution the values of the natural landscape are damaged as well. The first does not affect very well in the reproductive activity of the agriculture land and as a consequence in the economic activity and welfare of the inhabitants. In our research there will be presented these problems and the factors which condition them, they will be illustrated with concrete data, which will be analyzed to draw conclusions and suggestions to improve the situation. The collaboration between the researchers, local decision makers and community will ease a lot the improvement of the situation, even though there are no sufficient financial means at the moment. There should be a more friendly interrelation and mutual respect between the nature and the inhabitants, because we should think about the future generation which will have higher requests towards the environment where they live and work.